Drug Toxicity – Reverse Agents

Heparin: Protamine sulfate

Coumadin: Vitamin K

Ammonia: Lactulose

Acetaminophen: n-Acetylcysteine

Iron: Deferoxamine

Digoxin: Digibind

Alcohol withdrawal: Librium

Therapeutic drug values

Digoxin: 0.5 to 2.0 mg/mL

Dilantin: 10 to 20 mcg/dL

Lithium: 0.8 to 1.5 mEq/L

Theophylline: 10 to 20 mcg/dL

Bronchodilators: Promotes bronchial expansion, increases transfer of gases, decreases wheezing.

Cardiac glycosides: Increase force of contraction, decrease heart rate, increase cardiac output.

Coronary vasodilators: Dilate arteries, decrease preload + afterload, decrease myocardial oxygen consumption.

Diuretics: Increase urine output, decrease hypervolemia, BP, edema, ICP.

Laxatives: Promotes the passage of stools.

Opioids: Decrease the transmission of pain impulse.

Opioid antagonists: Reverse opiate, induce CNS depression and decreased respiratory function.

Antacids: Decrease gastric acidity, protect stomach mucosa, decrease epigastric pain.

Antidiarrheals: Decrease diarrhoea, increase production of formed stool.

Anticoagulants: Interfere with normal coagulation leading to decrease in thrombus formation or extension.

Antihistamines: Decrease signs and symptoms of allergies and motion sickness.

Antihypertensive: Lowers blood pressure and increases blood flow.

Antilipidemics: Decreases LDL, triglycerides and total cholesterol, increases HDL.